
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><title>Python: package mwavepy</title>
</head><body bgcolor="#f0f0f8">

<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="heading">
<tr bgcolor="#7799ee">
<td valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial">&nbsp;<br><big><big><strong>mwavepy</strong></big></big></font></td
><td align=right valign=bottom
><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><a href=".">index</a><br><a href="file:/home/alex/docs/python/path/mwavepy/__init__.py">/home/alex/docs/python/path/mwavepy/__init__.py</a></font></td></tr></table>
    <p><tt>#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;__init__.py<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;2010&nbsp;alex&nbsp;arsenovic&nbsp;&lt;arsenovic@virginia.edu&gt;<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;program&nbsp;is&nbsp;free&nbsp;software;&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;redistribute&nbsp;it&nbsp;and/or&nbsp;modify<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it&nbsp;under&nbsp;the&nbsp;terms&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;General&nbsp;Public&nbsp;License&nbsp;as&nbsp;published&nbsp;by<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;Free&nbsp;Software&nbsp;Foundation;&nbsp;either&nbsp;version&nbsp;2&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;License,&nbsp;or<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(at&nbsp;your&nbsp;option)&nbsp;any&nbsp;later&nbsp;versionpy.<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;program&nbsp;is&nbsp;distributed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;hope&nbsp;that&nbsp;it&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;useful,<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but&nbsp;WITHOUT&nbsp;ANY&nbsp;WARRANTY;&nbsp;without&nbsp;even&nbsp;the&nbsp;implied&nbsp;warranty&nbsp;of<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MERCHANTABILITY&nbsp;or&nbsp;FITNESS&nbsp;FOR&nbsp;A&nbsp;PARTICULAR&nbsp;PURPOSE.&nbsp;&nbsp;See&nbsp;the<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;General&nbsp;Public&nbsp;License&nbsp;for&nbsp;more&nbsp;details.<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You&nbsp;should&nbsp;have&nbsp;received&nbsp;a&nbsp;copy&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;General&nbsp;Public&nbsp;License<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;along&nbsp;with&nbsp;this&nbsp;program;&nbsp;if&nbsp;not,&nbsp;write&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;Free&nbsp;Software<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foundation,&nbsp;Inc.,&nbsp;51&nbsp;Franklin&nbsp;Street,&nbsp;Fifth&nbsp;Floor,&nbsp;Boston,<br>
#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MA&nbsp;02110-1301,&nbsp;USA.</tt></p>
<p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#aa55cc">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Package Contents</strong></big></font></td></tr>
    
<tr><td bgcolor="#aa55cc"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%"><table width="100%" summary="list"><tr><td width="25%" valign=top><a href="mwavepy.pythics_instruments.html"><strong>pythics_instruments</strong>&nbsp;(package)</a><br>
</td><td width="25%" valign=top><a href="mwavepy.touchstone.html">touchstone</a><br>
</td><td width="25%" valign=top></td><td width="25%" valign=top></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ee77aa">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Classes</strong></big></font></td></tr>
    
<tr><td bgcolor="#ee77aa"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%"><dl>
<dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="mwavepy.html#coax">coax</a>
</font></dt><dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="mwavepy.html#coplanar">coplanar</a>
</font></dt><dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="mwavepy.html#microstrip">microstrip</a>
</font></dt><dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="mwavepy.html#ntwk">ntwk</a>
</font></dt><dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="mwavepy.html#transmissionLine">transmissionLine</a>
</font></dt><dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="mwavepy.html#waveguide">waveguide</a>
</font></dt><dd>
<dl>
<dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="mwavepy.html#wr">wr</a>
</font></dt></dl>
</dd>
</dl>
 <p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="coax">class <strong>coax</strong></a></font></td></tr>
    
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%">Methods defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="coax-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self)</dt></dl>

</td></tr></table> <p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="coplanar">class <strong>coplanar</strong></a></font></td></tr>
    
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%">Methods defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="coplanar-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self)</dt></dl>

</td></tr></table> <p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="microstrip">class <strong>microstrip</strong></a></font></td></tr>
    
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%">Methods defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="microstrip-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self)</dt></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="microstrip-betaMicrostrip"><strong>betaMicrostrip</strong></a>(w, h, epR)</dt></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="microstrip-eEffMicrostrip"><strong>eEffMicrostrip</strong></a>(w, h, epR)</dt><dd><tt>The&nbsp;above&nbsp;formulas&nbsp;are&nbsp;in&nbsp;Transmission&nbsp;Line&nbsp;Design&nbsp;Handbook&nbsp;by&nbsp;Brian&nbsp;C&nbsp;Wadell,&nbsp;Artech&nbsp;House&nbsp;1991.&nbsp;The&nbsp;main&nbsp;formula&nbsp;is&nbsp;attributable&nbsp;to&nbsp;Harold&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Wheeler&nbsp;and&nbsp;was&nbsp;published&nbsp;in,&nbsp;"Transmission-line&nbsp;properties&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;strip&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;dielectric&nbsp;sheet&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;plane",&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;Tran.&nbsp;Microwave&nbsp;Theory&nbsp;Tech.,&nbsp;vol.&nbsp;MTT-25,&nbsp;pplb.&nbsp;631-647,&nbsp;Aug.&nbsp;1977.&nbsp;The&nbsp;effective&nbsp;dielectric&nbsp;constant&nbsp;formula&nbsp;is&nbsp;from:&nbsp;M.&nbsp;V.&nbsp;Schneider,&nbsp;"Microstrip&nbsp;lines&nbsp;for&nbsp;microwave&nbsp;integrated&nbsp;circuits,"&nbsp;Bell&nbsp;Syst&nbsp;Tech.&nbsp;J.,&nbsp;vol.&nbsp;48,&nbsp;pplb.&nbsp;1422-1444,&nbsp;1969.</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="microstrip-impedanceMicrostrip"><strong>impedanceMicrostrip</strong></a>(w, h, epR)</dt><dd><tt>taken&nbsp;from&nbsp;pozar</tt></dd></dl>

</td></tr></table> <p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="ntwk">class <strong>ntwk</strong></a></font></td></tr>
    
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><td rowspan=2><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td colspan=2><tt>class&nbsp;represents&nbsp;a&nbsp;generic&nbsp;n-port&nbsp;network.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
provides:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s&nbsp;-&nbsp;a&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;of&nbsp;complex&nbsp;values&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;n-port&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;network&nbsp;over&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;range&nbsp;of&nbsp;len&nbsp;k,&nbsp;numpy.ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freq&nbsp;-&nbsp;1D&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;vector,&nbsp;&nbsp;numpy.ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freqUnit&nbsp;-&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;vector,&nbsp;string,&nbsp;(&nbsp;MHz,&nbsp;GHz,&nbsp;etc)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freqMultiplier&nbsp;-&nbsp;scale&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;vector&nbsp;to&nbsp;1Hz,&nbsp;string.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;ie,&nbsp;1e9&nbsp;for&nbsp;freqUnit&nbsp;of&nbsp;'GHz'<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;paramType&nbsp;-&nbsp;parameter&nbsp;types&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;'s','z','y','abcd')&nbsp;,&nbsp;string<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z0&nbsp;-&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;network<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;name&nbsp;-&nbsp;name&nbsp;of&nbsp;network,&nbsp;string.&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;legend&nbsp;for&nbsp;plotting.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;smag&nbsp;-&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;array&nbsp;representing&nbsp;magnitude&nbsp;of&nbsp;s-parameters&nbsp;in&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decimal,&nbsp;ndarray&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sdB&nbsp;-&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;array&nbsp;representing&nbsp;magnitude&nbsp;of&nbsp;s-parameters&nbsp;in<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decibel&nbsp;(20*npy.log10(mag))&nbsp;scale,&nbsp;ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sdeg&nbsp;-&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;array&nbsp;representing&nbsp;phase&nbsp;of&nbsp;s-parameters&nbsp;in&nbsp;deg,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;srad&nbsp;-&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;array&nbsp;representing&nbsp;phase&nbsp;of&nbsp;s-parameters&nbsp;in&nbsp;radians,&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;note:&nbsp;these&nbsp;matricies&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;re-shaped&nbsp;if&nbsp;one&nbsp;wants&nbsp;the&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;index&nbsp;to&nbsp;come&nbsp;last,&nbsp;like&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;myntwk.s.transpose().reshape(2,2,-1)<br>&nbsp;</tt></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%">Methods defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-__div__"><strong>__div__</strong></a>(self, A)</dt><dd><tt>the&nbsp;divide&nbsp;operator&nbsp;is&nbsp;overloaded&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;deEmbed&nbsp;or&nbsp;<br>
function.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
C/A&nbsp;=&nbsp;<a href="#-deEmbed">deEmbed</a>(C,A)<br>
&nbsp;<br>
note:<br>
this&nbsp;function&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;directionality&nbsp;assumption.&nbsp;C&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>
cascaded&nbsp;connection&nbsp;of&nbsp;A.port2&nbsp;=&nbsp;B.port1,&nbsp;for&nbsp;B&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;de-embeded<br>
by&nbsp;passing&nbsp;C,&nbsp;and&nbsp;A&nbsp;for&nbsp;example,&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
assume&nbsp;*&nbsp;corresponds&nbsp;to&nbsp;cascade&nbsp;function,&nbsp;and&nbsp;/&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href="#-deEmbed">deEmbed</a>()<br>
if&nbsp;C&nbsp;=&nbsp;A*B<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/&nbsp;A&nbsp;=&nbsp;B&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/B&nbsp;!=&nbsp;A<br>
if&nbsp;C&nbsp;=&nbsp;B*A<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/B&nbsp;=&nbsp;A<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/A&nbsp;!=&nbsp;B&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
if&nbsp;you&nbsp;wish&nbsp;to&nbsp;deEmbed&nbsp;from&nbsp;port&nbsp;2,&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>.flip</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self, data<font color="#909090">=array([[[ 0.,  0.],
        [ 0.,  0.]]])</font>, freq<font color="#909090">=None</font>, freqUnit<font color="#909090">='GHz'</font>, freqMultiplier<font color="#909090">=1000000000.0</font>, paramType<font color="#909090">='s'</font>, z0<font color="#909090">=50</font>, name<font color="#909090">=''</font>)</dt><dd><tt>takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;data&nbsp;-&nbsp;a&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;of&nbsp;complex&nbsp;values&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;n-port&nbsp;network&nbsp;over&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;range,&nbsp;numpy.ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freq&nbsp;-&nbsp;1D&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;vector,&nbsp;&nbsp;numpy.ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freqUnit&nbsp;-&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;vector,&nbsp;string,&nbsp;(&nbsp;MHz,&nbsp;GHz,&nbsp;etc)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freqMultiplier&nbsp;-&nbsp;scale&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;vector&nbsp;to&nbsp;1Hz,&nbsp;string.&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;ie,&nbsp;1e9&nbsp;for&nbsp;freqUnit&nbsp;of&nbsp;'GHz'<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;paramType&nbsp;-&nbsp;parameter&nbsp;types&nbsp;&nbsp;(&nbsp;'s','z','y','abcd')&nbsp;,&nbsp;string<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z0&nbsp;-&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;network<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;name&nbsp;-&nbsp;name&nbsp;of&nbsp;network,&nbsp;string.&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;legend&nbsp;for&nbsp;plotting.</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-__mul__"><strong>__mul__</strong></a>(self, A)</dt><dd><tt>the&nbsp;multiply&nbsp;operator&nbsp;is&nbsp;overloaded&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;cascade&nbsp;<br>
function,.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
if&nbsp;both&nbsp;operands,&nbsp;A&nbsp;and&nbsp;B,&nbsp;&nbsp;are&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>'s:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;*&nbsp;B&nbsp;=&nbsp;<a href="#-cascade">cascade</a>(A,B)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B&nbsp;*&nbsp;A&nbsp;=&nbsp;<a href="#-cascade">cascade</a>(B,A)<br>
&nbsp;<br>
if&nbsp;A&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;and&nbsp;B&nbsp;is&nbsp;&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;*&nbsp;B&nbsp;=&nbsp;terminate(A,B),&nbsp;B&nbsp;is&nbsp;attached&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;2<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B&nbsp;*&nbsp;A&nbsp;=&nbsp;terminate(B,A),&nbsp;B&nbsp;is&nbsp;attached&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;1</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-__sets__"><strong>__sets__</strong></a>(self, sMatrix)</dt><dd><tt>update&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>'s&nbsp;sparameters.&nbsp;<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>.s&nbsp;effects&nbsp;other&nbsp;object&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;class,&nbsp;so&nbsp;this&nbsp;function&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed.</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-flip"><strong>flip</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>invert&nbsp;the&nbsp;ports&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;networks&nbsp;s-matrix,&nbsp;'flipping'&nbsp;it&nbsp;over<br>
&nbsp;<br>
note:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;only&nbsp;works&nbsp;for&nbsp;2-ports&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;moment<br>
&nbsp;<br>
there&nbsp;is&nbsp;probably&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;i&nbsp;dont&nbsp;<br>
know&nbsp;it.</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-loadFromTouchstone"><strong>loadFromTouchstone</strong></a>(self, filename)</dt><dd><tt>loads&nbsp;relevent&nbsp;values&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;touchstone&nbsp;file.&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;filename&nbsp;-&nbsp;touchstone&nbsp;file&nbsp;name,&nbsp;string.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
note:&nbsp;all&nbsp;work&nbsp;is&nbsp;tone&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;touchstone&nbsp;class</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-plotAllDb"><strong>plotAllDb</strong></a>(self, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, twinAxis<font color="#909090">=True</font>, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;all&nbsp;parameters&nbsp;in&nbsp;log&nbsp;mag&nbsp;mode.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ax&nbsp;-&nbsp;matplotlib.axes&nbsp;object&nbsp;to&nbsp;plot&nbsp;on,&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbsp;plot.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;twinAxis&nbsp;-&nbsp;plot&nbsp;on&nbsp;one&nbsp;or&nbsp;two&nbsp;y-axis,&nbsp;boolean.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**kwargs&nbsp;-&nbsp;passed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;matplotlib.plot&nbsp;command<br>
&nbsp;<br>
note:&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;bug&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;legend&nbsp;,&nbsp;when&nbsp;using&nbsp;twinx</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-plotInsertionLossDb"><strong>plotInsertionLossDb</strong></a>(self, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;all&nbsp;Insertion&nbsp;loss&nbsp;parameters&nbsp;in&nbsp;log&nbsp;mag&nbsp;mode.&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;all&nbsp;parameters&nbsp;such&nbsp;with&nbsp;matching&nbsp;indecies,&nbsp;m!=n.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ax&nbsp;-&nbsp;matplotlib.axes&nbsp;object&nbsp;to&nbsp;plot&nbsp;on,&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbsp;plot.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**kwargs&nbsp;-&nbsp;passed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;matplotlib.plot&nbsp;command</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-plotPhase"><strong>plotPhase</strong></a>(self, m<font color="#909090">=None</font>, n<font color="#909090">=None</font>, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;parameter&nbsp;in&nbsp;phase&nbsp;(deg)&nbsp;mode.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;first&nbsp;index,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;second&nbsp;indext,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ax&nbsp;-&nbsp;matplotlib.axes&nbsp;object&nbsp;to&nbsp;plot&nbsp;on,&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbsp;plot.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**kwargs&nbsp;-&nbsp;passed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;matplotlib.plot&nbsp;command</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-plotReturnLossDb"><strong>plotReturnLossDb</strong></a>(self, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;all&nbsp;return&nbsp;loss&nbsp;parameters&nbsp;in&nbsp;log&nbsp;mag&nbsp;mode.&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;all&nbsp;parameters&nbsp;such&nbsp;with&nbsp;matching&nbsp;indecies,&nbsp;m=n.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ax&nbsp;-&nbsp;matplotlib.axes&nbsp;object&nbsp;to&nbsp;plot&nbsp;on,&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbsp;plot.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**kwargs&nbsp;-&nbsp;passed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;matplotlib.plot&nbsp;command</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-plotSmith"><strong>plotSmith</strong></a>(self, m<font color="#909090">=None</font>, n<font color="#909090">=None</font>, smithRadius<font color="#909090">=1</font>, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;parameter&nbsp;in&nbsp;polar&nbsp;mode&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;smith&nbsp;chart.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;first&nbsp;index,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;second&nbsp;indext,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;smithRadius&nbsp;-&nbsp;radius&nbsp;of&nbsp;smith&nbsp;chart<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ax&nbsp;-&nbsp;matplotlib.axes&nbsp;object&nbsp;to&nbsp;plot&nbsp;on,&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbsp;plot.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**kwargs&nbsp;-&nbsp;passed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;matplotlib.plot&nbsp;command</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-plotdB"><strong>plotdB</strong></a>(self, m<font color="#909090">=None</font>, n<font color="#909090">=None</font>, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;parameter&nbsp;in&nbsp;log&nbsp;mag&nbsp;mode.&nbsp;(20*npy.log10(mag))<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;first&nbsp;index,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;second&nbsp;indext,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ax&nbsp;-&nbsp;matplotlib.axes&nbsp;object&nbsp;to&nbsp;plot&nbsp;on,&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbsp;plot.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**kwargs&nbsp;-&nbsp;passed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;matplotlib.plot&nbsp;command</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="ntwk-writeToTouchstone"><strong>writeToTouchstone</strong></a>(self, filename, format<font color="#909090">='ri'</font>)</dt><dd><tt>write&nbsp;a&nbsp;touchstone&nbsp;file&nbsp;representing&nbsp;this&nbsp;network.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;filename&nbsp;-&nbsp;filename&nbsp;to&nbsp;save&nbsp;to&nbsp;,&nbsp;string<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;format&nbsp;-&nbsp;format&nbsp;to&nbsp;save&nbsp;in,&nbsp;string.&nbsp;['ri']<br>
note:in&nbsp;the&nbsp;future&nbsp;could&nbsp;make&nbsp;possible&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;touchtone&nbsp;class,&nbsp;but&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;moment&nbsp;this&nbsp;would&nbsp;not&nbsp;provide&nbsp;any&nbsp;benefit&nbsp;as&nbsp;it&nbsp;has&nbsp;not&nbsp;set_&nbsp;functions.</tt></dd></dl>

</td></tr></table> <p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="transmissionLine">class <strong>transmissionLine</strong></a></font></td></tr>
    
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><td rowspan=2><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td colspan=2><tt>should&nbsp;be&nbsp;main&nbsp;class,&nbsp;which&nbsp;all&nbsp;transmission&nbsp;line&nbsp;sub-classes&nbsp;inhereit<br>&nbsp;</tt></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%">Methods defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="transmissionLine-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self)</dt></dl>

</td></tr></table> <p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="waveguide">class <strong>waveguide</strong></a></font></td></tr>
    
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><td rowspan=2><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td colspan=2><tt>class&nbsp;which&nbsp;represents&nbsp;a&nbsp;rectangular&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
provides:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;-&nbsp;width&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters,&nbsp;float<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;-&nbsp;height&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters,&nbsp;float.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;band&nbsp;-&nbsp;tuple&nbsp;defining&nbsp;max&nbsp;and&nbsp;min&nbsp;frequencies.&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;to&nbsp;(1.25,1.9)*fc10<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fStart&nbsp;-&nbsp;start&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;band.&nbsp;(&nbsp;=&nbsp;band[0]&nbsp;)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fStop&nbsp;-&nbsp;stop&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;band&nbsp;(&nbsp;=&nbsp;band[1]&nbsp;)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fc10&nbsp;-&nbsp;first&nbsp;mode&nbsp;cut&nbsp;on&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(&nbsp;==&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide-fc">fc</a>(1,0)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;epsilonR&nbsp;-&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permativity&nbsp;of&nbsp;filling&nbsp;material&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;muR&nbsp;-&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permiability&nbsp;of&nbsp;filling&nbsp;material<br>
TODO:&nbsp;implement&nbsp;different&nbsp;filling&nbsp;materials,&nbsp;and&nbsp;wall&nbsp;material&nbsp;losses<br>&nbsp;</tt></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%">Methods defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self, a, b, band<font color="#909090">=None</font>, epsilonR<font color="#909090">=1</font>, muR<font color="#909090">=1</font>)</dt><dd><tt>takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;-&nbsp;width&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters,&nbsp;float<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;-&nbsp;height&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters,&nbsp;float.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;band&nbsp;-&nbsp;tuple&nbsp;defining&nbsp;max&nbsp;and&nbsp;min&nbsp;frequencies.&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;to&nbsp;(1.25,1.9)*fc10<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;epsilonR&nbsp;-&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permativity&nbsp;of&nbsp;filling&nbsp;material&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;muR&nbsp;-&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permiability&nbsp;of&nbsp;filling&nbsp;material<br>
&nbsp;<br>
note:&nbsp;support&nbsp;for&nbsp;dielectrically&nbsp;filled&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>,&nbsp;ie&nbsp;epsilonR&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;muR,&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;supported</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-beta"><strong>beta</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;of&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;(rad/m)<br>
&nbsp;<br>
TODO:&nbsp;should&nbsp;do&nbsp;a&nbsp;test&nbsp;below&nbsp;cutoff&nbsp;and&nbsp;handle&nbsp;imaginary&nbsp;sign<br>
the&nbsp;beta&nbsp;here&nbsp;is&nbsp;just&nbsp;the&nbsp;space&nbsp;beta,&nbsp;which&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;method&nbsp;of&nbsp;mwavepy</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-beta_f"><strong>beta_f</strong></a>(self, f, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>convinience&nbsp;function.&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide-beta">beta</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-createDelay"><strong>createDelay</strong></a>(self, l, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;two&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;thru&nbsp;section&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&nbsp;-&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;thru,&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points&nbsp;to&nbsp;produce<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;thru&nbsp;section&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-createDelayShort"><strong>createDelayShort</strong></a>(self, l, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;delayed&nbsp;short&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&nbsp;-&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;thru,&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points&nbsp;to&nbsp;produce<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;thru&nbsp;section&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-createMatch"><strong>createMatch</strong></a>(self, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;Match.<br>
convinience&nbsp;function,&nbsp;see&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#waveguide-createShort">createShort</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-createShort"><strong>createShort</strong></a>(self, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;short.<br>
convinience&nbsp;function,&nbsp;see&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#waveguide-createShort">createShort</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-fc"><strong>fc</strong></a>(self, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;cut-on&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cut&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;in&nbsp;Hz,&nbsp;float.</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-lambdaG"><strong>lambdaG</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;guide&nbsp;wavelength&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guide&nbsp;wavelength&nbsp;(m)</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-lambdaG_f"><strong>lambdaG_f</strong></a>(self, f, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>convinience&nbsp;function.&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide-lambdaG">lambdaG</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-vp"><strong>vp</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;phase&nbsp;velocity&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;phase&nbsp;velocity&nbsp;of&nbsp;mode&nbsp;(m/s)</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-vp_f"><strong>vp_f</strong></a>(self, f, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-zTE"><strong>zTE</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="waveguide-zTM"><strong>zTM</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt></dl>

</td></tr></table> <p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="wr">class <strong>wr</strong></a>(<a href="mwavepy.html#waveguide">waveguide</a>)</font></td></tr>
    
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><td rowspan=2><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td colspan=2><tt>class&nbsp;which&nbsp;represents&nbsp;a&nbsp;standard&nbsp;rectangular&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;band.<br>
inherits&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;type<br>&nbsp;</tt></td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%">Methods defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="wr-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self, number)</dt><dd><tt>takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;number&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;designator&nbsp;number&nbsp;(&nbsp;ie&nbsp;WR10,&nbsp;the&nbsp;number&nbsp;is&nbsp;10)<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;object&nbsp;representing&nbsp;the&nbsp;given&nbsp;band</tt></dd></dl>

<hr>
Methods inherited from <a href="mwavepy.html#waveguide">waveguide</a>:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="wr-beta"><strong>beta</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;of&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;(rad/m)<br>
&nbsp;<br>
TODO:&nbsp;should&nbsp;do&nbsp;a&nbsp;test&nbsp;below&nbsp;cutoff&nbsp;and&nbsp;handle&nbsp;imaginary&nbsp;sign<br>
the&nbsp;beta&nbsp;here&nbsp;is&nbsp;just&nbsp;the&nbsp;space&nbsp;beta,&nbsp;which&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;method&nbsp;of&nbsp;mwavepy</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-beta_f"><strong>beta_f</strong></a>(self, f, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>convinience&nbsp;function.&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#wr-beta">beta</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-createDelay"><strong>createDelay</strong></a>(self, l, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;two&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;thru&nbsp;section&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&nbsp;-&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;thru,&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points&nbsp;to&nbsp;produce<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;thru&nbsp;section&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-createDelayShort"><strong>createDelayShort</strong></a>(self, l, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;delayed&nbsp;short&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&nbsp;-&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;thru,&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points&nbsp;to&nbsp;produce<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;thru&nbsp;section&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-createMatch"><strong>createMatch</strong></a>(self, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;Match.<br>
convinience&nbsp;function,&nbsp;see&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#wr-createShort">createShort</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-createShort"><strong>createShort</strong></a>(self, numPoints, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>generate&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;short.<br>
convinience&nbsp;function,&nbsp;see&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#wr-createShort">createShort</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-fc"><strong>fc</strong></a>(self, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;cut-on&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cut&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;in&nbsp;Hz,&nbsp;float.</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-lambdaG"><strong>lambdaG</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;guide&nbsp;wavelength&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guide&nbsp;wavelength&nbsp;(m)</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-lambdaG_f"><strong>lambdaG_f</strong></a>(self, f, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>convinience&nbsp;function.&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#wr-lambdaG">lambdaG</a>()</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-vp"><strong>vp</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;phase&nbsp;velocity&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;mode<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;width&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n&nbsp;-&nbsp;mode&nbsp;indecie&nbsp;for&nbsp;height&nbsp;dimension,&nbsp;int<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;phase&nbsp;velocity&nbsp;of&nbsp;mode&nbsp;(m/s)</tt></dd></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-vp_f"><strong>vp_f</strong></a>(self, f, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-zTE"><strong>zTE</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt></dl>

<dl><dt><a name="wr-zTM"><strong>zTM</strong></a>(self, omega, m<font color="#909090">=1</font>, n<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt></dl>

</td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#eeaa77">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Functions</strong></big></font></td></tr>
    
<tr><td bgcolor="#eeaa77"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%"><dl><dt><a name="-abcd2s"><strong>abcd2s</strong></a>(abcdMat, z0<font color="#909090">=50</font>)</dt><dd><tt>converts&nbsp;a&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;network&nbsp;represented&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;ABCD&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abcdMat&nbsp;-&nbsp;2x2&nbsp;complex&nbsp;matrix,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;Scattering&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;some&nbsp;network<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z0&nbsp;-&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;impedance<br>
returns:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abcd&nbsp;-&nbsp;2x2&nbsp;complex&nbsp;matrix,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;ABCD&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;some&nbsp;network.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
there&nbsp;might&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;more&nbsp;concise&nbsp;but&nbsp;i&nbsp;dont&nbsp;know&nbsp;it</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-abcd2y"><strong>abcd2y</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-abcd2z"><strong>abcd2z</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-applyABC"><strong>applyABC</strong></a>(gamma, abc)</dt><dd><tt>takes&nbsp;a&nbsp;complex&nbsp;array&nbsp;of&nbsp;uncalibrated&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;and&nbsp;applies<br>
the&nbsp;one-port&nbsp;OSM&nbsp;callibration,&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;abc.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gamma&nbsp;-&nbsp;complex&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;OR&nbsp;can&nbsp;&nbsp;be&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>()&nbsp;type.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abc&nbsp;-&nbsp;Nx3&nbsp;OSM&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;coefficients.&nbsp;<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;either&nbsp;a&nbsp;complex&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient,&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>()&nbsp;instance,&nbsp;depending&nbsp;on&nbsp;input<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
note:&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;simple&nbsp;calculation,&nbsp;<br>
gammaCal(k)=(gammaDut(k)-b)/(a+gammaDut(k)*c);&nbsp;for&nbsp;all&nbsp;k</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-array"><strong>array</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-array">array</a>(object,&nbsp;dtype=None,&nbsp;copy=True,&nbsp;order=None,&nbsp;subok=False,&nbsp;ndmin=True)<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Create&nbsp;an&nbsp;array.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Parameters<br>
----------<br>
object&nbsp;:&nbsp;array_like<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;An&nbsp;array,&nbsp;any&nbsp;object&nbsp;exposing&nbsp;the&nbsp;array&nbsp;interface,&nbsp;an<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;object&nbsp;whose&nbsp;__array__&nbsp;method&nbsp;returns&nbsp;an&nbsp;array,&nbsp;or&nbsp;any<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(nested)&nbsp;sequence.<br>
dtype&nbsp;:&nbsp;data-type,&nbsp;optional<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;desired&nbsp;data-type&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;array.&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;not&nbsp;given,&nbsp;then<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;type&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;determined&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;minimum&nbsp;type&nbsp;required<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;hold&nbsp;the&nbsp;objects&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;sequence.&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;argument&nbsp;can&nbsp;only<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;'upcast'&nbsp;the&nbsp;array.&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;downcasting,&nbsp;use&nbsp;the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.astype(t)&nbsp;method.<br>
copy&nbsp;:&nbsp;bool,&nbsp;optional<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;true&nbsp;(default),&nbsp;then&nbsp;the&nbsp;object&nbsp;is&nbsp;copied.&nbsp;&nbsp;Otherwise,&nbsp;a&nbsp;copy<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;will&nbsp;only&nbsp;be&nbsp;made&nbsp;if&nbsp;__array__&nbsp;returns&nbsp;a&nbsp;copy,&nbsp;if&nbsp;obj&nbsp;is&nbsp;a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nested&nbsp;sequence,&nbsp;or&nbsp;if&nbsp;a&nbsp;copy&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;satisfy&nbsp;any&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;other<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;requirements&nbsp;(`dtype`,&nbsp;`order`,&nbsp;etc.).<br>
order&nbsp;:&nbsp;{'C',&nbsp;'F',&nbsp;'A'},&nbsp;optional<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Specify&nbsp;the&nbsp;order&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;array.&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;order&nbsp;is&nbsp;'C'&nbsp;(default),&nbsp;then&nbsp;the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;in&nbsp;C-contiguous&nbsp;order&nbsp;(last-index&nbsp;varies&nbsp;the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fastest).&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;order&nbsp;is&nbsp;'F',&nbsp;then&nbsp;the&nbsp;returned&nbsp;array<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;in&nbsp;Fortran-contiguous&nbsp;order&nbsp;(first-index&nbsp;varies&nbsp;the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fastest).&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;order&nbsp;is&nbsp;'A',&nbsp;then&nbsp;the&nbsp;returned&nbsp;array&nbsp;may<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be&nbsp;in&nbsp;any&nbsp;order&nbsp;(either&nbsp;C-,&nbsp;Fortran-contiguous,&nbsp;or&nbsp;even<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;discontiguous).<br>
subok&nbsp;:&nbsp;bool,&nbsp;optional<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;True,&nbsp;then&nbsp;sub-classes&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;passed-through,&nbsp;otherwise<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;returned&nbsp;array&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;forced&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;base-class&nbsp;array&nbsp;(default).<br>
ndmin&nbsp;:&nbsp;int,&nbsp;optional<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Specifies&nbsp;the&nbsp;minimum&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;dimensions&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;resulting<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;array&nbsp;should&nbsp;have.&nbsp;&nbsp;Ones&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;pre-pended&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;shape&nbsp;as<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;meet&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Examples<br>
--------<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>([1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3])<br>
<a href="#-array">array</a>([1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3])<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Upcasting:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>([1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3.0])<br>
<a href="#-array">array</a>([&nbsp;1.,&nbsp;&nbsp;2.,&nbsp;&nbsp;3.])<br>
&nbsp;<br>
More&nbsp;than&nbsp;one&nbsp;dimension:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>([[1,&nbsp;2],&nbsp;[3,&nbsp;4]])<br>
<a href="#-array">array</a>([[1,&nbsp;2],<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[3,&nbsp;4]])<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Minimum&nbsp;dimensions&nbsp;2:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>([1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3],&nbsp;ndmin=2)<br>
<a href="#-array">array</a>([[1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3]])<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Type&nbsp;provided:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>([1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3],&nbsp;dtype=complex)<br>
<a href="#-array">array</a>([&nbsp;1.+0.j,&nbsp;&nbsp;2.+0.j,&nbsp;&nbsp;3.+0.j])<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Data-type&nbsp;consisting&nbsp;of&nbsp;more&nbsp;than&nbsp;one&nbsp;element:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;x&nbsp;=&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>([(1,2),(3,4)],dtype=[('a','&lt;i4'),('b','&lt;i4')])<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;x['a']<br>
<a href="#-array">array</a>([1,&nbsp;3])<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Creating&nbsp;an&nbsp;array&nbsp;from&nbsp;sub-classes:<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>(np.mat('1&nbsp;2;&nbsp;3&nbsp;4'))<br>
<a href="#-array">array</a>([[1,&nbsp;2],<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[3,&nbsp;4]])<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;np.<a href="#-array">array</a>(np.mat('1&nbsp;2;&nbsp;3&nbsp;4'),&nbsp;subok=True)<br>
matrix([[1,&nbsp;2],<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[3,&nbsp;4]])</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-beta0"><strong>beta0</strong></a>(omega)</dt><dd><tt>propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;free&nbsp;space.<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;radian&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega/c&nbsp;=&nbsp;omega*sqrt(epsilon*mu)</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-betaPlaneWave"><strong>betaPlaneWave</strong></a>(omega, epsilonR<font color="#909090">=1</font>, muR<font color="#909090">=1</font>)</dt><dd><tt>propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;plane&nbsp;wave&nbsp;in&nbsp;given&nbsp;&nbsp;material.<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega&nbsp;-&nbsp;radian&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(rad/s)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;epsilonR&nbsp;-&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permativity&nbsp;(default&nbsp;=&nbsp;1)&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;muR&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permiability&nbsp;(default&nbsp;=&nbsp;1)<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;omega/c&nbsp;=&nbsp;omega*sqrt(epsilon*mu)</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-cascade"><strong>cascade</strong></a>(A, B)</dt><dd><tt>cascades&nbsp;two&nbsp;&nbsp;networks&nbsp;together,&nbsp;and&nbsp;returns&nbsp;resultant&nbsp;network<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;-&nbsp;network&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;1.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;or&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2x2,&nbsp;kx2x2,&nbsp;1x1,&nbsp;or&nbsp;kx1x1&nbsp;numpy.ndarray&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sympy.Matrix<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all&nbsp;which&nbsp;represent&nbsp;an&nbsp;S-matrix.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B&nbsp;-&nbsp;network&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;2.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;or&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2x2,&nbsp;kx2x2,&nbsp;1x1,&nbsp;or&nbsp;kx1x1&nbsp;numpy.ndarray&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sympy.Matrix<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all&nbsp;which&nbsp;represent&nbsp;an&nbsp;S-matrix.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
returns:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C&nbsp;-&nbsp;resultant&nbsp;network,&nbsp;of&nbsp;cascaded&nbsp;A,&nbsp;B.&nbsp;type&nbsp;is&nbsp;the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;same&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;type&nbsp;passed.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
note:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;and&nbsp;B&nbsp;can&nbsp;not&nbsp;both&nbsp;be&nbsp;1-ports,&nbsp;duh.</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-complex2ReIm"><strong>complex2ReIm</strong></a>(complx)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-complex2dB"><strong>complex2dB</strong></a>(complx)</dt><dd><tt>###############&nbsp;&nbsp;mathematical&nbsp;conversions&nbsp;###############</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createDelay"><strong>createDelay</strong></a>(freqVector, l, beta<font color="#909090">=&lt;function beta0 at 0x3e67b90&gt;</font>)</dt><dd><tt>generates&nbsp;the&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;S-matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;matched&nbsp;Delay&nbsp;line&nbsp;of&nbsp;length&nbsp;l.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freqVector&nbsp;-1D&nbsp;&nbsp;array&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;band&nbsp;over&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which&nbsp;to&nbsp;calculate.&nbsp;(&nbsp;in&nbsp;Hz)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&nbsp;-&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;delay&nbsp;(in&nbsp;m&nbsp;)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beta&nbsp;-&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;function.&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;function&nbsp;which&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;function&nbsp;of&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(omega),&nbsp;and&nbsp;returns&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;value&nbsp;with&nbsp;units&nbsp;radian/m.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kx2x2&nbsp;S-parameter&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;ideal&nbsp;delay.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
note:&nbsp;beta&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;to&nbsp;lossless&nbsp;free-space&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beta&nbsp;=&nbsp;omega/c&nbsp;=&nbsp;omega*sqrt(epsilon_0*mu_0),&nbsp;which&nbsp;assumes&nbsp;a&nbsp;TEM&nbsp;wave</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createDelayShort"><strong>createDelayShort</strong></a>(freqVector, l, beta<font color="#909090">=&lt;function beta0 at 0x3e67b90&gt;</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coef&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;delayed&nbsp;short.</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createImpedanceStep"><strong>createImpedanceStep</strong></a>(z1, z2, numPoints<font color="#909090">=1</font>)</dt><dd><tt>creates&nbsp;a&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;S-matrix&nbsp;of&nbsp;an&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;mismatch&nbsp;where&nbsp;port&nbsp;1&nbsp;is&nbsp;<br>
terminated&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;z1,&nbsp;and&nbsp;port&nbsp;2&nbsp;is&nbsp;terminated&nbsp;with&nbsp;<br>
impedance&nbsp;z2.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;1.&nbsp;(can&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;complex&nbsp;value&nbsp;,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;numpy.array)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z2&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;2&nbsp;((can&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;complex&nbsp;value&nbsp;,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;numpy.array)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points&nbsp;to&nbsp;generate&nbsp;this&nbsp;S-matrix.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not&nbsp;used&nbsp;if&nbsp;z1&nbsp;and&nbsp;z2&nbsp;are&nbsp;arrays.</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createMatch"><strong>createMatch</strong></a>(numPoints)</dt><dd><tt>generates&nbsp;the&nbsp;one&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;Match.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createNtwkFromTouchstone"><strong>createNtwkFromTouchstone</strong></a>(filename)</dt><dd><tt>creates&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;object&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;touchstone&nbsp;file<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;filename&nbsp;-&nbsp;touchstone&nbsp;file&nbsp;to&nbsp;read,&nbsp;string.<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;onbject&nbsp;representing&nbsp;the&nbsp;network&nbsp;contained&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;touchstone&nbsp;file.</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createOpen"><strong>createOpen</strong></a>(numPoints)</dt><dd><tt>generates&nbsp;the&nbsp;one&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;Openpy.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createShort"><strong>createShort</strong></a>(numPoints)</dt><dd><tt>generates&nbsp;the&nbsp;one&nbsp;port&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;Short.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createShuntAdmittance"><strong>createShuntAdmittance</strong></a>(y, z0<font color="#909090">=50</font>, numPoints<font color="#909090">=1</font>)</dt><dd><tt>creates&nbsp;a&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;S-matrix&nbsp;of&nbsp;an&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;mismatch&nbsp;where&nbsp;port&nbsp;1&nbsp;is&nbsp;<br>
terminated&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;z1,&nbsp;and&nbsp;port&nbsp;2&nbsp;is&nbsp;terminated&nbsp;with&nbsp;<br>
impedance&nbsp;z2.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;1.&nbsp;(can&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;complex&nbsp;value&nbsp;,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;numpy.array)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z2&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;at&nbsp;port&nbsp;2&nbsp;((can&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;complex&nbsp;value&nbsp;,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;numpy.array)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numPoints&nbsp;-&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;points&nbsp;to&nbsp;generate&nbsp;this&nbsp;S-matrix.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not&nbsp;used&nbsp;if&nbsp;z1&nbsp;and&nbsp;z2&nbsp;are&nbsp;arrays.</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-createThru"><strong>createThru</strong></a>(numpPoints)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-cutOff"><strong>cutOff</strong></a>(a)</dt><dd><tt>returns&nbsp;the&nbsp;cutoff&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(in&nbsp;Hz)&nbsp;for&nbsp;first&nbsp;&nbsp;resonance&nbsp;of&nbsp;a<br>
<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>&nbsp;with&nbsp;major&nbsp;dimension&nbsp;given&nbsp;by&nbsp;a.&nbsp;a&nbsp;is&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-dB2Mag"><strong>dB2Mag</strong></a>(dB)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-dBDeg2ReIm"><strong>dBDeg2ReIm</strong></a>(dB, deg)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-deEmbed"><strong>deEmbed</strong></a>(C, A)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;de-embed&nbsp;network&nbsp;of&nbsp;A&nbsp;&nbsp;embeded&nbsp;behind&nbsp;B,&nbsp;<br>
from&nbsp;measurement&nbsp;C.&nbsp;ie&nbsp;C&nbsp;=&nbsp;A&nbsp;*&nbsp;B<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="#-cascade">cascade</a>(A,&nbsp;B),&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;type&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;numpy.ndarray&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;-&nbsp;the&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;network&nbsp;embeding&nbsp;the&nbsp;network.&nbsp;a&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;type&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;kx2x2&nbsp;numpy.ndarray<br>
&nbsp;<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B&nbsp;-&nbsp;the&nbsp;unembeded&nbsp;network&nbsp;behind&nbsp;B.&nbsp;type&nbsp;depends&nbsp;on&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;input.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
note:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this&nbsp;function&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;directionality&nbsp;assumption.&nbsp;C&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cascaded&nbsp;connection&nbsp;of&nbsp;A.port2&nbsp;=&nbsp;B.port1,&nbsp;for&nbsp;B&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;de-embeded<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by&nbsp;passing&nbsp;C,&nbsp;and&nbsp;A&nbsp;for&nbsp;example,&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;assume&nbsp;*&nbsp;corresponds&nbsp;to&nbsp;cascade&nbsp;function,&nbsp;and&nbsp;/&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href="#-deEmbed">deEmbed</a>()<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if&nbsp;C&nbsp;=&nbsp;A*B<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/&nbsp;A&nbsp;=&nbsp;B&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/B&nbsp;!=&nbsp;A<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if&nbsp;C&nbsp;=&nbsp;B*A<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/B&nbsp;=&nbsp;A<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C/A&nbsp;!=&nbsp;B</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-deg2rad"><strong>deg2rad</strong></a>(deg)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-electricalLength"><strong>electricalLength</strong></a>(l, f0, beta<font color="#909090">=&lt;function beta0 at 0x3e67b90&gt;</font>, deg<font color="#909090">=False</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;section&nbsp;of&nbsp;transmission&nbsp;line.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l&nbsp;-&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;line&nbsp;in&nbsp;meters<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f0&nbsp;-&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;at&nbsp;which&nbsp;to&nbsp;calculate&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beta&nbsp;-&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant,&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;function&nbsp;of&nbsp;angular&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;(omega),&nbsp;and&nbsp;returns&nbsp;a&nbsp;value&nbsp;with&nbsp;units&nbsp;radian/m.&nbsp;&nbsp;can&nbsp;pass&nbsp;a&nbsp;function&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;fly,&nbsp;like&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#-electricalLength">electricalLength</a>(freqVector,&nbsp;l,&nbsp;beta&nbsp;=&nbsp;lambda&nbsp;omega:&nbsp;omega/c&nbsp;)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;note:&nbsp;beta&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;to&nbsp;lossless&nbsp;free-space&nbsp;propagation&nbsp;constant&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#-beta0">beta0</a>()&nbsp;=&nbsp;omega/c&nbsp;=&nbsp;omega*sqrt(epsilon_0*mu_0)<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;length&nbsp;of&nbsp;tline,&nbsp;at&nbsp;f0&nbsp;in&nbsp;radians</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-eta"><strong>eta</strong></a>(epsilonR<font color="#909090">=1</font>, muR<font color="#909090">=1</font>)</dt><dd><tt>characteristic&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;material.<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;epsilonR&nbsp;-&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permativity&nbsp;(default&nbsp;=&nbsp;1)&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;muR&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;relative&nbsp;permiability&nbsp;(default&nbsp;=&nbsp;1)</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-eta0"><strong>eta0</strong></a>(omega)</dt><dd><tt>characteristic&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;free&nbsp;space.&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#-eta">eta</a>().</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-gamma"><strong>gamma</strong></a>(zl, z0<font color="#909090">=50.0</font>, theta<font color="#909090">=0</font>)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficient&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;load&nbsp;and&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;impedance<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zl&nbsp;-&nbsp;load&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;(can&nbsp;be&nbsp;numpy&nbsp;array&nbsp;or&nbsp;float)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z0&nbsp;-&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;(&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;numpy&nbsp;array&nbsp;or&nbsp;float)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;theta&nbsp;-&nbsp;distance&nbsp;from&nbsp;load,&nbsp;given&nbsp;in&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;length&nbsp;&nbsp;(rad)</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-getABC"><strong>getABC</strong></a>(mOpen, mShort, mMatch, aOpen, aShort, aMatch)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;one&nbsp;port&nbsp;OSM&nbsp;calibration<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abc&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;Nx3&nbsp;ndarray&nbsp;containing&nbsp;the&nbsp;complex&nbsp;calibrations&nbsp;coefficients,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;where&nbsp;N&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;points&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;standards&nbsp;that&nbsp;where&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;givenpy.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mOpen,&nbsp;mShort,&nbsp;and&nbsp;mMatch&nbsp;are&nbsp;1xN&nbsp;complex&nbsp;ndarrays&nbsp;representing&nbsp;the&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;measured&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;off&nbsp;the&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;standards&nbsp;OR&nbsp;can&nbsp;&nbsp;be&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>()&nbsp;types.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aOpen,&nbsp;aShort,&nbsp;and&nbsp;aMatch&nbsp;are&nbsp;1xN&nbsp;complex&nbsp;ndarrays&nbsp;representing&nbsp;the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;assumed&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;off&nbsp;the&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;standards.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;note:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;standards&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;OSM&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;dont&nbsp;actually&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;an&nbsp;open,&nbsp;short,&nbsp;and&nbsp;match.&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;arbitrary&nbsp;but&nbsp;should&nbsp;provide<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;good&nbsp;seperation&nbsp;on&nbsp;teh&nbsp;smith&nbsp;chart&nbsp;for&nbsp;good&nbsp;accuracy</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-getABCLeastSquares"><strong>getABCLeastSquares</strong></a>(gammaMList, gammaAList)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;one&nbsp;port&nbsp;calibration.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gammaMList&nbsp;-&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;measured&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficients.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lists&nbsp;of&nbsp;either&nbsp;a&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;numpy.ndarray,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s-matrix&nbsp;or&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;types.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gammaAList&nbsp;-&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;assumed&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficients.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lists&nbsp;of&nbsp;either&nbsp;a&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;numpy.ndarray,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s-matrix&nbsp;or&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;types.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(abc,&nbsp;residues)&nbsp;-&nbsp;a&nbsp;tuple.&nbsp;abc&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;Nx3&nbsp;ndarray&nbsp;containing&nbsp;the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;complex&nbsp;calibrations&nbsp;coefficients,where&nbsp;N&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;number&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;points&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;standards&nbsp;that&nbsp;where&nbsp;given.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;residues&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;of&nbsp;residues&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;least&nbsp;squared&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;calculation.&nbsp;see&nbsp;numpy.linalg.lstsq()&nbsp;for&nbsp;more&nbsp;info<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;note:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;of&nbsp;general&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;error&nbsp;networks,&nbsp;3&nbsp;standards&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are&nbsp;required.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;one&nbsp;makes&nbsp;the&nbsp;assumption&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;error&nbsp;network&nbsp;being&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reciprical&nbsp;or&nbsp;symmetric&nbsp;or&nbsp;both,&nbsp;the&nbsp;correction&nbsp;requires&nbsp;less&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;measurements.&nbsp;see&nbsp;mwavepy.getABLeastSquares<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;standards&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;OSM&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;dont&nbsp;actually&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an&nbsp;open,&nbsp;short,&nbsp;and&nbsp;match.&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;arbitrary&nbsp;but&nbsp;should&nbsp;provide<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good&nbsp;seperation&nbsp;on&nbsp;teh&nbsp;smith&nbsp;chart&nbsp;for&nbsp;good&nbsp;accuracy&nbsp;.</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-getABLeastSquares"><strong>getABLeastSquares</strong></a>(gammaMList, gammaAList)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;one&nbsp;port&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;with<br>
the&nbsp;assumption&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;error&nbsp;network&nbsp;is&nbsp;reciprical&nbsp;and&nbsp;syemetric.&nbsp;<br>
a&nbsp;=&nbsp;s21^2&nbsp;-&nbsp;s12^2,&nbsp;b&nbsp;=&nbsp;s11&nbsp;=&nbsp;s22<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gammaMList&nbsp;-&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;measured&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficients.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lists&nbsp;of&nbsp;either&nbsp;a&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;numpy.ndarray,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s-matrix&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;types.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gammaAList&nbsp;-&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;assumed&nbsp;reflection&nbsp;coefficients.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lists&nbsp;of&nbsp;either&nbsp;a&nbsp;kxnxn&nbsp;numpy.ndarray,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s-matrix&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;1-port&nbsp;mwavepy.<a href="#ntwk">ntwk</a>&nbsp;types.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ab&nbsp;-&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;kx2&nbsp;ndarray&nbsp;containing&nbsp;the&nbsp;complex&nbsp;calibrations&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coefficients,&nbsp;where&nbsp;k&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;points&nbsp;in&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;standards&nbsp;that&nbsp;where&nbsp;givens.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;residues&nbsp;-&nbsp;kxp,&nbsp;where&nbsp;p&nbsp;is&nbsp;difference&nbsp;between&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coefficients&nbsp;and&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;standards.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;note:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;of&nbsp;general&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;error&nbsp;networks,&nbsp;3&nbsp;standards&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are&nbsp;required.&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;standards&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;OSM&nbsp;calibration&nbsp;dont&nbsp;actually&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an&nbsp;open,&nbsp;short,&nbsp;and&nbsp;match.&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;arbitrary&nbsp;but&nbsp;should&nbsp;provide<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good&nbsp;seperation&nbsp;on&nbsp;teh&nbsp;smith&nbsp;chart&nbsp;for&nbsp;good&nbsp;accuracy&nbsp;.</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-loadAllTouchtonesInDir"><strong>loadAllTouchtonesInDir</strong></a>(dir<font color="#909090">='.'</font>)</dt><dd><tt>loads&nbsp;all&nbsp;touchtone&nbsp;files&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;dir&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dir&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;the&nbsp;path&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;dir,&nbsp;passed&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;string&nbsp;(defalut&nbsp;is&nbsp;cwd)<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ntwkList&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;lists&nbsp;holding&nbsp;basenames&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;files&nbsp;loaded,&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;mwavepy&nbsp;networks.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;using&nbsp;pylab&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;plot&nbsp;these&nbsp;easily&nbsp;like&nbsp;so:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
example&nbsp;usage:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;import&nbsp;mwavepy&nbsp;as&nbsp;m<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nameList,&nbsp;ntwkList&nbsp;=&nbsp;m.<a href="#-loadAllTouchtonesInDir">loadAllTouchtonesInDir</a>()<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for&nbsp;n&nbsp;in&nbsp;ntwkList:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;npy.plotReturnLoss()</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-loadPortImpedanceFromTouchtone"><strong>loadPortImpedanceFromTouchtone</strong></a>(inputFileName)</dt><dd><tt>Takes&nbsp;the&nbsp;name&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;HFSS&nbsp;formated&nbsp;touchtone&nbsp;file,&nbsp;which&nbsp;has&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;<br>
dependent&nbsp;port&nbsp;impendance,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;case&nbsp;for&nbsp;<a href="#waveguide">waveguide</a>.&nbsp;<br>
Returns&nbsp;two&nbsp;arrays&nbsp;representing&nbsp;the&nbsp;port&nbsp;impedances&nbsp;in&nbsp;complex&nbsp;format.&nbsp;<br>
NOTE:&nbsp;this&nbsp;only&nbsp;supports&nbsp;twoPorts.&nbsp;needs&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;generalized</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-loadTouchtone"><strong>loadTouchtone</strong></a>(inputFileName)</dt><dd><tt>Takes&nbsp;the&nbsp;full&nbsp;pathname&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;touchtone&nbsp;plain-text&nbsp;file.<br>
Returns&nbsp;a&nbsp;network&nbsp;object&nbsp;representing&nbsp;its&nbsp;contents&nbsp;(1&nbsp;or&nbsp;2-port).<br>
touchtone&nbsp;files&nbsp;usually&nbsp;have&nbsp;extension&nbsp;of&nbsp;.s1p,&nbsp;.s2p,&nbsp;.s1,.s2.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
example:<br>
myTwoPort&nbsp;=&nbsp;mwavepy.loadTouchTone('inputFile.s1p')</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-mag2dB"><strong>mag2dB</strong></a>(mag)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-magDeg2ReIm"><strong>magDeg2ReIm</strong></a>(mag, deg)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-magPhase2ReIm"><strong>magPhase2ReIm</strong></a>(mag, phase)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-parallelY"><strong>parallelY</strong></a>(y1, y2)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;parallel&nbsp;connection&nbsp;of&nbsp;impedances.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;1.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z2&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;2<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1/(1/z1+1/z2)</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-parallelZ"><strong>parallelZ</strong></a>(z1, z2)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;parallel&nbsp;connection&nbsp;of&nbsp;impedances.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;1.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z2&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;2<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1/(1/z1+1/z2)</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-passivityTest"><strong>passivityTest</strong></a>(smat)</dt><dd><tt>check&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;network&nbsp;represented&nbsp;by&nbsp;scattering&nbsp;parameter&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;(smat)&nbsp;is&nbsp;passive.&nbsp;returns&nbsp;a&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;the&nbsp;kxnxn,&nbsp;of&nbsp;which&nbsp;each&nbsp;k-slice&nbsp;is&nbsp;&nbsp;I-smat*conj(traspose(S))<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;smat&nbsp;-&nbsp;scattering&nbsp;&nbsp;matrix,&nbsp;numpy.array&nbsp;in&nbsp;shape&nbsp;of&nbsp;kxnxn.<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;passivity&nbsp;-&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;containing&nbsp;I-smat*conj(tra,spose(S))<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;note:&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;considered&nbsp;passive&nbsp;the&nbsp;elements&nbsp;allong&nbsp;the&nbsp;diagonal&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;zero</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-plotComplex"><strong>plotComplex</strong></a>(complexData, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt><dd><tt>###############&nbsp;Ploting&nbsp;###############</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-plotCsv"><strong>plotCsv</strong></a>(filename, rowsToSkip<font color="#909090">=1</font>, delim<font color="#909090">=','</font>)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;columns&nbsp;from&nbsp;csv&nbsp;file.&nbsp;plots&nbsp;all&nbsp;columns&nbsp;against&nbsp;the&nbsp;first<br>
see&nbsp;pylab.loadtxt&nbsp;for&nbsp;more&nbsp;information</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-plotOnSmith"><strong>plotOnSmith</strong></a>(complexData, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-plotReVsIm"><strong>plotReVsIm</strong></a>(complexData, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>, **kwargs)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-psd2TimeDomain"><strong>psd2TimeDomain</strong></a>(f, y, windowType<font color="#909090">='rect'</font>)</dt><dd><tt>convert&nbsp;a&nbsp;one&nbsp;sided&nbsp;complex&nbsp;spectrum&nbsp;into&nbsp;a&nbsp;real&nbsp;time-signal.<br>
takes&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f:&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;array,&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;y:&nbsp;complex&nbsp;PSD&nbsp;arary&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;windowType:&nbsp;windowing&nbsp;function,&nbsp;defaults&nbsp;to&nbsp;rect<br>
&nbsp;<br>
returns&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;form:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[timeVector,&nbsp;signalVector]<br>
timeVector&nbsp;is&nbsp;in&nbsp;inverse&nbsp;units&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;input&nbsp;variable&nbsp;f,<br>
if&nbsp;spectrum&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;baseband&nbsp;then,&nbsp;timeSignal&nbsp;is&nbsp;modulated&nbsp;by&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;exp(t*2*pi*f[0])<br>
so&nbsp;keep&nbsp;in&nbsp;mind&nbsp;units,&nbsp;also&nbsp;due&nbsp;to&nbsp;this&nbsp;f&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;increasing&nbsp;left&nbsp;to&nbsp;right</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-rad2deg"><strong>rad2deg</strong></a>(rad)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-reIm2MagPhase"><strong>reIm2MagPhase</strong></a>(re, im)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-reIm2dBDeg"><strong>reIm2dBDeg</strong></a>(re, im)</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-s2abcd"><strong>s2abcd</strong></a>(sMat, z0<font color="#909090">=50</font>)</dt><dd><tt>converts&nbsp;a&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;network&nbsp;represented&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;S&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;2-port&nbsp;ABCD&nbsp;matrix<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s&nbsp;-&nbsp;2x2&nbsp;complex&nbsp;matrix,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;Scattering&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;some&nbsp;network.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z0&nbsp;-&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;impedance<br>
returns:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abcd&nbsp;-&nbsp;2x2&nbsp;complex&nbsp;matrix,&nbsp;representing&nbsp;a&nbsp;ABCD&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;for&nbsp;some&nbsp;network.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
there&nbsp;might&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;matrix&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;more&nbsp;concise&nbsp;but&nbsp;i&nbsp;dont&nbsp;know&nbsp;it</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-s2y"><strong>s2y</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-s2z"><strong>s2z</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-seriesY"><strong>seriesY</strong></a>(y1, y2)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;series&nbsp;connection&nbsp;of&nbsp;2&nbsp;admitances.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;1.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z2&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;2<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1+z2</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-seriesZ"><strong>seriesZ</strong></a>(z1, z2)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;series&nbsp;connection&nbsp;of&nbsp;impedances.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;1.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z2&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;2<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z1+z2</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-smith"><strong>smith</strong></a>(smithR<font color="#909090">=1</font>, ax<font color="#909090">=None</font>)</dt><dd><tt>plots&nbsp;the&nbsp;smith&nbsp;chart&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;radius<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;smithR&nbsp;-&nbsp;radius&nbsp;of&nbsp;smith&nbsp;chart</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-timeDomain2Psd"><strong>timeDomain2Psd</strong></a>(t, y, windowType<font color="#909090">='rect'</font>)</dt><dd><tt>returns&nbsp;the&nbsp;positive&nbsp;baseband&nbsp;PSD&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;real-valued&nbsp;signal<br>
returns&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;form:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[freqVector,spectrumVector]<br>
freq&nbsp;has&nbsp;inverse&nbsp;units&nbsp;of&nbsp;t's&nbsp;units.&nbsp;also,&nbsp;sampling&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;is&nbsp;<br>
fs&nbsp;=&nbsp;1/abs(t[1]-t[0])<br>
the&nbsp;result&nbsp;is&nbsp;scaled&nbsp;by&nbsp;1/length(n),&nbsp;where&nbsp;n&nbsp;is&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;samples<br>
to&nbsp;attain&nbsp;the&nbsp;original&nbsp;spectrum&nbsp;you&nbsp;must&nbsp;shift&nbsp;the&nbsp;freqVector&nbsp;appropriatly</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-y2abcd"><strong>y2abcd</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-y2s"><strong>y2s</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-y2z"><strong>y2z</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-z2abcd"><strong>z2abcd</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-z2s"><strong>z2s</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-z2y"><strong>z2y</strong></a>()</dt></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-zCapacitor"><strong>zCapacitor</strong></a>(capacitance, frequency)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;capacitor.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;capacitance&nbsp;-&nbsp;capacitance,&nbsp;in&nbsp;Farads.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;value&nbsp;or&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numpy.ndarray<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;-&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;at&nbsp;which&nbsp;to&nbsp;calculate&nbsp;capacitance.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;value&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;numpy.ndarray()<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;capacitor&nbsp;at&nbsp;given&nbsp;frequency.&nbsp;type&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;depends&nbsp;on&nbsp;input</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-zInductor"><strong>zInductor</strong></a>(inductance, frequency)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;the&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;an&nbsp;inductor.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;inductance&nbsp;-&nbsp;capacitance,&nbsp;in&nbsp;Henrys.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;value&nbsp;or&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;numpy.ndarray.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;-&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;at&nbsp;which&nbsp;to&nbsp;calculate&nbsp;capacitance.&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;value&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;numpy.ndarray()<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;-&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;inductor&nbsp;at&nbsp;given&nbsp;frequency.&nbsp;type&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;depends&nbsp;on&nbsp;input</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-zin"><strong>zin</strong></a>(zl, z0, theta)</dt><dd><tt>returns&nbsp;the&nbsp;input&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;transmission&nbsp;line&nbsp;of&nbsp;character&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;z0&nbsp;and&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;length&nbsp;el,&nbsp;terminated&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;load&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;zl.&nbsp;<br>
takes:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zl&nbsp;-&nbsp;load&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z0&nbsp;-&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;tline<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;theta&nbsp;-&nbsp;distance&nbsp;from&nbsp;load,&nbsp;given&nbsp;in&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;length&nbsp;&nbsp;(rad)<br>
returns:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;input&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;(&nbsp;in&nbsp;general&nbsp;complex)</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-zinOpen"><strong>zinOpen</strong></a>(z0, theta)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;input&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;open.&nbsp;<br>
convinience&nbsp;function.&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#-zin">zin</a>()</tt></dd></dl>
 <dl><dt><a name="-zinShort"><strong>zinShort</strong></a>(z0, theta)</dt><dd><tt>calculates&nbsp;input&nbsp;impedance&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;short.<br>
convinience&nbsp;function.&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="#-zin">zin</a>()</tt></dd></dl>
</td></tr></table><p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#55aa55">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Data</strong></big></font></td></tr>
    
<tr><td bgcolor="#55aa55"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td width="100%"><strong>WR10</strong> = &lt;mwavepy.wr instance at 0x3e5bea8&gt;<br>
<strong>WR1p5</strong> = &lt;mwavepy.wr instance at 0x3e68128&gt;<br>
<strong>WR3</strong> = &lt;mwavepy.wr instance at 0x3e680e0&gt;<br>
<strong>WR4</strong> = &lt;mwavepy.wr instance at 0x3e68098&gt;<br>
<strong>WR5</strong> = &lt;mwavepy.wr instance at 0x3e68050&gt;<br>
<strong>WR6</strong> = &lt;mwavepy.wr instance at 0x3e5bfc8&gt;<br>
<strong>WR8</strong> = &lt;mwavepy.wr instance at 0x3e5bf80&gt;<br>
<strong>c</strong> = 299792458.0<br>
<strong>cos</strong> = &lt;ufunc 'cos'&gt;<br>
<strong>epsilon_0</strong> = 8.8541878176203892e-12<br>
<strong>exp</strong> = &lt;ufunc 'exp'&gt;<br>
<strong>inf</strong> = inf<br>
<strong>mil</strong> = 2.5399999999999997e-05<br>
<strong>mu_0</strong> = 1.2566370614359173e-06<br>
<strong>pi</strong> = 3.1415926535897931<br>
<strong>sin</strong> = &lt;ufunc 'sin'&gt;<br>
<strong>sqrt</strong> = &lt;ufunc 'sqrt'&gt;<br>
<strong>tan</strong> = &lt;ufunc 'tan'&gt;</td></tr></table>
</body></html>